Red Herring

Red Herrings are misleading elements of a mystery or puzzle, intended to lead the solver down an incorrect path or temporarily distract from the correct path. While less common in puzzles as an actual element, the phrase itself shows up quite often.

Etymology
While there is no fish species known as a "red herring", the phrase does originate from fish as a whole. The first known use of the term to describe a fish came from a mid-13th century poem titled The Treatise, in which mention is made to "herring red". It's likely that this, and later references to red herrings refers to fish that have been exposed to a strong enough brining process that the fish's flesh turns a bright red.

Knowing that, the use of "red herring" to refer to intentional misdirection makes more sense. The popular origin is with William Cobbett, a prominent English debater who in 1807 told a story about hounds chasing after a rabbit when he was a boy. As he told it, he used smoked fish (red herring) to distract the hounds and put them off the rabbit's scent. While the story itself may have been false (as doing so was not common practice, and was unlikely to have actually worked to permanently put dogs off of the scent), the idea was used as a metaphor to illustrate the dangers of being distracted from one proper goal. The phrase stuck around, especially after the story was perpetuated by his son in further writings, and is used in debate, literature, and puzzles to this day.

Puzzle Application
Red herrings in the traditional sense are actually quite rare in modern hunt puzzles. It's commonly said that intentional red herrings should be avoided when writing a puzzle, as solvers will find enough of their own to follow. That being said, the phrase "red herring" has become something of a staple within puzzle hunts.

The words "Red Herring" have become synonymous with "Ignore this piece of information, it's not useful to you". Thus, red herrings in puzzle hunts are rarely intended to deceive; rather, they are a sincere (if humorous) warning to not subject oneself to needless confusion. Leaning into the humor of the phrase is also quite common, with writers finding more and more creative ways to say "This is a red herring". These include:


 * Showing pictures of red fish (whether or not they're actually herring)
 * Using words similar to 'Red' and 'Herring', like shades of red and other species of fish, to create similar phrases (e.g., 'Cardinal Flounder')
 * Alluding to other fish that are notably red, like red snappers or sockeye salmon

Hunt puzzles are not exempt from unintentional red herrings, however, and writers should be careful to fact-check and testsolve their puzzles whenever possible to avoid widespread misunderstandings amongst solvers.

Intentional Uses of the Phrase "Red Herring"

 * Pictionary (Teammate 2020) - Among the other animals presented in the puzzle is a lone red herring. While all of the others have been placed in drawings of phrases that normally use other animals (forming a chain), the red herring is normally a red herring, and is actually omitted from the final extraction altogether.
 * Red Herring (MITMH 2022) -
 * Huntinality 2.0 - Not a specific puzzle, but a key part of the story. All of the members of Huntinality 2.0's "Board of Directors" is a play on "Red Herring". This includes the obvious one in the CEO, Fred Haring, but also each of the other members whose names follow the 'shade of red + fish' principle (Brick Zander, Ruby Loach, and Scarlet Tang)

Unintentional Red Herrings

 * BE NOISY (MITMH 2002) - A case of solvers following their own red herrings. The hotel metas from this hunt could be organized in the same order they were presented, and the phrase "BE NOISY" could be extracted from them via diagonalization. Since the metas didn't actually form a metameta, the two teams that went to HQ to do so were sadly turned away with nothing.
 * Atlantis Meta Meta (MITMH 2015) - This puzzle involved the arrangement of four final meta answers into a grid, going along four different-colored lines. If solvers didn't know what the correct answer/color assignment was, they had a 1 in 24 chance of getting it right. They also had a 1 in 24 chance of using the one configuration that resulted in the words "COIN A NEED I", or "I NEED A COIN" backwards, reading across the middle of the grid.